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9/07/2015

Aquesta és la galàxia de llibres independentistes

M'ha arribat per correu electrònic.


Aquesta és una llista dels llibres que han sortit els últims mesos sobre el procés d'independència. L'ha fet inicialment Vilaweb i l’hem anat ampliant i completant. Actualitzada el 22 d'abril de 2015.
Si trobeu a faltar algun llibre poseu-lo com a comentari indicant el títol, l'autor i l'editorial o escriviu-nos.

Cap a la independència, anàlisi
Cap a la independència, divulgació
Espanya, un llast
Cap a la independència, l’òptica política
Cap a la independència, l’òptica periodística
Cap a la independència, una aproximació històrica
Cap a la independència, més aproximacions
La independència escenari de ficcions
Cap a la independència, en imatges
I un be negre…
Fa tres-cents anys que dura
En altres idiomes

9/03/2015

A reaction to a Reuters article

Reuters reported yesterday, after President Mas' session in the Catalan Parliament, that "Catalonia faces wall of Spanish incomprehension, regional government says".

The authors make a number of statements I regard as questionable.

1. "A Catalan regional election this month, which the pro-independence government has billed as a proxy on independence from Spain, is a last resort because of the indifference to Catalan demands shown by Madrid, the head of the regional government said on Wednesday."

The election was the way forward once the list of five ways of gauging suport for independence outlined by Catalonia's Advisory Council on National Transition (CATN) in their White Paper, specifically in Chapter One (all texts, including versions in English and Spanish, here) had been exhausted.

The "Catalan demands" are simply to gauge whether or not independence enjoys the suport of the majority of the Catalan lectorate. The demands are not on finance, legislation, powers or anything else.

"The Catalan ballot comes before a general election due by year's end which Rajoy's center-right People's Party is expected to win."

Polls (for all they're worth) show that their majority is likely to be greatly diminshed.

"[Rojoy's] government banned a non-binding Catalan vote on independence last November, although a vote took place anyway."

The Spanish government could not "ban" the vote! It made the Constitutional court stop the vote under regional legislation. The machinery continued in the form of a participatory process organised by volunteers. All Catalan government publicity and activity stopped. The public prosecutors in Catalonia saw nothing illegal in what happened thereafter, but their bosses in Madrid forced them to take court action against the Catalan president and two ministers on four grounds. They could end up in gaol on any of three of these grounds, and be barred from political life on all four grounds. Literally.

"The pro-independence platform he heads has said everything is ready for a unilateral declaration of independence in around a year's time if the regional vote gives them "a clear mandate", as they expect."

All parties would prefer a negotiated settlement, but central government has absolutely refused to even discuss the poll, let alone a separation. This is why even moderate political scientists and politicians see a UDI as the only way forward, if there is a pro-independence majority in the next parliament. Analysts also say that Spain's numerous international creditors would be the first to force the Spanish government to the negotiating table, to avoid it defaulting on its sovereign debt, now equivalent to 100% of its GDP. It would rise to 125% of its GDP without Catalonia.

"Opinion polls show pro-secessionists are likely to win this month's vote but may be short of a majority".

I strongly recommend that Reuters and other media take every single poll until September 27th with a liberal pinch of salt. At least one Madruid newspaper quotes "results" by a firm no-one has heard of, and of which some doubt its existence. They are one of seven fronts believed to have been designed as part of Spain's effort to smash Catalan public opinion, and subvert the normal course of the 27-S election.

"On Tuesday, the government announced it propose increasing the powers of the Constitutional Court to ensure its rulings are met, something political parties said was aimed directly at Catalonia."

Even members of the Constitutional court itself are aghast at the thought. There has been immediate widespread opposition to the proposal. Such a change would further politicise the Court. Plus it is not "political parties" but the Spanish government itself that said it was aimed against Catalonia. Why, moreover, did the PP candidate for the 27 September election sit at the table when the government announced the bill? Another exemple of how the PP erratically, but often, mix party and government.

9/01/2015

Potestats i funcions del Tribunal Constitucional. Article159


TÍTOL IX
Del Tribunal Constitucional Article 159
1. El Tribunal Constitucional es compon de 12 membres nomenats pel Rei; dels quals, quatre a proposta del Congrés, per majoria de les tres cinquenes parts dels seus membres; quatre a proposta del Senat, amb idèntica majoria; dos a proposta del Govern, i dos a pro-posta del Consell General del Poder Judicial.
2. Els membres del Tribunal Constitucional hauran de ser nomenats entre Magistrats i Fiscals, professors d’Universitat, funcionaris públics i advocats, tots ells juristes de competència reconeguda amb més de quinze anys d’exercici professional.
3. El període de designació dels membres del Tribunal Constitucional tindrà una durada de nou anys i es renovaran per terços cada tres anys.

4. La condició de membre del Tribunal Constitucional és incompatible: amb qualsevol mandat representatiu; amb els càrrecs polítics o administratius; amb l’exercici de funcions directives en un partit polític o en un sindicat i amb l’ocupació al seu servei; amb l’exercici de les carreres judicial i fiscal, i amb qualsevol activitat professional o mercantil.
Altrament, els membres del Tribunal Constitucional tindran les incompatibilitats pròpies dels membres del Poder Judicial.

5. Els membres del Tribunal Constitucional seran independents i inamovibles en l’exercici del seu mandat.
Article 160
El President del Tribunal Constitucional serà nomenat entre els membres d’aquest pel Rei, a proposta del mateix Tribunal en ple i per a un període de tres anys.
Article 161
1. El Tribunal Constitucional té jurisdicció en tot el territori espanyol i és competent per a conèixer:
a) Del recurs d’inconstitucionalitat contra lleis i disposicions normatives amb força de llei. La declaració d’inconstitucionalitat d’una norma jurídica amb rang de llei, interpretada per la jurisprudència, afectarà aquesta, però la sentència o les sentències que n’hagin recaigut no perdran el valor de cosa jutjada.
b) Del recurs d’empara per violació dels drets i de les llibertats continguts en l’article 53.2 d’aquesta Constitució, en els casos i formes que la llei estableixi.
c) Dels conflictes de competència entre l’Estat i les Comunitats Autònomes o dels de les Comunitats Autònomes entre elles.
d) De les altres matèries que li atribueixin la Constitució o les lleis orgàniques.
2. El Govern podrà impugnar davant el Tribunal Constitucional les disposicions i resolucions adoptades pels òrgans de les Comunitats Autònomes. La impugnació provocarà la suspensió de la disposició o de la resolució recorreguda, però el Tribunal, en el seu cas, haurà de ratificar-la o alçar-la en un termini no superior als cinc mesos.
Article 162
1. Tenen legitimitat:
a) Per a interposar el recurs d’inconstitucionalitat, el President del Govern, el Defensor del Poble, cinquanta Diputats, cinquanta Senadors, els òrgans col·legiats executius de les Comunitats Autònomes i, en el seu cas, les seves Assemblees.
b) Per interposar el recurs d’empara, tota persona natural o jurídica que invoqui un interès legítim, a més del Defensor del Poble i del Ministeri Fiscal.
2. En els altres casos, la llei orgànica determinarà les persones i els òrgans legitimats.
Article 163
Quan en algun procés, un òrgan judicial consideri que una norma amb rang de llei, aplicable al cas, de la validesa de la qual depengui la decisió, pugui ser contrària a la Constitució, plantejarà la qüestió davant el Tribunal Constitucional en els supòsits, en la forma i amb els efectes que la llei estableixi, que en cap cas seran suspensius.
Article 164
1. Les sentències del Tribunal Constitucional es publicaran en el Butlletí Oficial de l’Estat amb els vots particulars, si n’hi hagués. Tenen el valor de cosa jutjada a partir de l’endemà d’haver estat publicades i no poden ser objecte de recurs en contra. Aquelles que declarin la inconstitucionalitat d’una llei o d’una norma amb força de llei i totes aquelles que no es limitin a l’estimació subjectiva d’un dret, tenen plens efectes davant tothom.
2. Llevat que en la decisió es disposi una altra cosa, subsistirà la vigència de la llei en la part no afectada per la inconstitucionalitat.
Article 165
Una llei orgànica regularà el funcionament del Tribunal Constitucional, l’estatut dels seus membres, el procediment davant aquell i les condicions per a l’exercici de les accions.

An English translation: "Unió Democràtica"


I have been asked for an English translation of my post Les eleccions plebiscitàries del 27 de setembre de 2015. The article is more specfically about "Unió Democratica de Catalunya" (UDC) and the plebiscitary elections of September 27, 2015.

A simple translation is meaningless because of the average reader's probable lack of context. UDC was founded by Christian Democrats in November 1931 as a moderate Catalan nationalist party. Their main objective was to achieve a completely self-governing Catalonia within a freely-agreed Iberian Confederation (which never ensued, by the way).


Since the 1980 elections they were the main coalition (Convergència i Unió, CiU) partner of Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC), a liberal nationalist party founded at the end of the Franco dictatorship by the charismatic Jordi Pujol, who has to become president of Catalonia until 2003. Until very recently (2012) CDC was a party calling for full autonomy but not independence. But following the massive September 11 2012 demonstration organised by the newly-founded grassroots movement Assemblea Nacional Catalana, the coalition came under increasing strain, as the main, long-standing leader of UDC, Joan-Antoni Duran i Lleida, still clung to the idea that an institutional and political solution to the historic mismatch between Catalonia and Spain could be found. 

As soon as the May 2015 local elections (at which the CiU coalition stood together for the last time) were over, UDC held an internal vote on June 14 to decide whether or not to go for independence. The ballot question was a  masterpiece of ambiguity. Those voting in favour (and they just won the majority) in effect supported the following statement: 
  
UDC will continue its commitment to "the process", of integrative Catalanism, without renouncing either putting limits to the aspiration of full sovereignty for Catalonia, taking each and every decision in a clearly democratic way, so that each decisions enjoys the majority of votes of the citizens, managing the process through the the dialogue between the government of Catalonia and the government of Spain, a dialogue without prior renunciations and with the will of persisting, as the best guarantee to win complicities inside the European Union, guaranteeing at all times legal security, excluding a hypothetical unilateral declaration of independence as the start of a constituent process outside legality, descarding any scenarion that could place Catalonia outside the European Union and ensuring, at all times, the social and territorial cohesion of our nation.

One wonders whether the founder of UDC, Manuel Carrasco-Formiguera (1890-1938) would have endorsed this statement (half of the party's mayors and councillors have, since the internal poll, left the party to form a new one). Among his sayings we can read:


"The worst misfortune that can a people can suffer collectively is the lack of an ideal" (The Estevet, April 20, 1923).

"While Catalonia do not get another Constitution, are only Constitution is the (1932) Statute (of autonomy), the expression of the will of our people, the only sovereign of our fate"... "I will not adhere to useless extremisms that can not be implanted with full efficiency. But if the time arrives, we, men of an essentially Catalanist party, will ask for a place of honour in those organisations that, based on democratic principles, follow the path marked by the people of Catalonia and we would join, ready to make all necessary sacrifices". (Barcelona, April 14, 1932, act of celebration of the first anniversary of the Catalan Republic).

"Jesus, Jesus, long live free Catalonia!" (Burgos, April 9, 1938, Carrasco's last words before being shot by one of the Franco authorities' firing squads, during the Civil War).


Many regret that Union have given up to occupy a place of honour beside the other parties that (now that the people of Catalonia - the only sovereign of our fate- is ready to choose the distinguished path) aspire to be able to say, with dignity, Long live free Catalonia! At the same time, we understand perfectly that many former members and supporters have coincided with millions of other Catalans, of every origin and of every democratic ideology, in believing that now is the time to opt for the freedom of our people, and that very soon, therefore, Catalonia will give itself a new Constitution.
Baròmetre de l'ús del català a Internet